Conversationally interact with EHR data using Amazon HealthLake and a LLM

Leveraging advanced technologies, we seamlessly interact with Electronic Health Record (EHR) data, ensuring secure, efficient, and intelligent healthcare information management.

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Overview

Large language models are revolutionizing the way we interact with technology, and Amazon HealthLake is no exception. HealthLake is a secure, HIPAA-eligible data lake that allows healthcare organizations to store, transform, and analyze their health data at scale. By combining HealthLake with a large language model, healthcare providers can interact conversationally with their data, gaining insights and making decisions faster than ever before. One way to use a large language model with HealthLake is through a chatbot interface. A chatbot is a computer program that uses natural language processing (NLP) to simulate a human conversation. With a chatbot, healthcare providers can ask questions about their data and receive real-time answers. Users can ask questions about both their structured data (e.g., Electronic Health Records (EHR)) or their unstructured data (e.g., doctor’s notes).

Problem Statement

Despite having aggregated their disparate data sources into Amazon HealthLake, healthcare providers still rely heavily on legacy document search methods and data engineering teams for their reporting. Relying on a data engineering team for ad hoc queries of structured data leads to delays in cloud migration and legacy search methods on unstructured data are time consuming; this results in long hours for administrators and clinicians during reporting periods. This reduces clinicians’ focus on patient care which subsequently negatively impacts quality of care. Further, delays in data migration has cascading effects as multiple teams rely on critical data pipelines to inform business and clinical decisions.

A Two-Pronged Solution

This solution uses Amazon Kendra, Amazon Athena, and a large language model (LLM) to provide natural language access to structured EMR data and unstructured doctor’s notes. This architecture uses Amazon HealthLake to host FHIR formatted EHR data, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) as the storage layer of the data pipeline, AWS Glue Studio Jobs to extract, transform, and load (ETL) our EHR data, Amazon Kendra for machine learning (ML) powered search of our doctor’s notes, and Amazon SageMaker to serve a large language model for SQL generation and document summarization. Following modern data architecture best practices, this solution adheres to the foundational logical layers of the Lake House Architecture. This LLM can work with many other data sources and is not limited to only FHIR formatted EHR data and doctor’s notes. Any structured and unstructured data you put into Amazon Athena and Amazon Kendra respectively can be made accessible by the chatbot.

Questions to ask HeathLakeBot

  • What medications does the patient Tommy814 Sauer652 take?
  • What procedures has the patient Tommy814 Sauer652 had?
  • What is the average medication cost for patients taking the medication penicillin?
  • How many patients are there with the condition asthma?
  • What is the average LDL value for all patients since 2017?
  • Search doctors notes for Tommy814’s socioeconomic status
  • Search doctors notes for whether Tommy814 has ever smoked
  • Search doctors notes for Tommy814’s age

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